Author name: irfan

 News Official Pakistan Polio or Poliomyelitis or Infantile Paralysis was among the most dreaded children’s illnesses in industrialized nations during the 20th century. These few cases indicate the endemic persistence of polio in three nations of which BMC News Official Pakistan Pakistan is one. The campaign against polio initiated in Pakistan during 1994 noted significant success as the number of reported polio cases within the nation declined from 1155 during 1997 to 28 during 2005. Since then, however, resistance against polio immunization has risen. During 2014 306 polio cases were reported in the nation. While the oral polio vaccine OPV rate of acceptance has continued to improve since 2015, pockets of communities largely ethnically Pashtun remain resistant to OPV. During 2018 eight of 12 cases of wild poliovirus were reported in the largely Pashtun inhabited province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Following a vaccination campaign in May 2018 the health department documented 26610 cases of polio vaccine refusal during the province. The OPV refusal/hesitancy Latest News Pakistan BMC is just one of the public health issues that affect these communities. The health infrastructure in Pakistan is fragile and the health sector is burdened by high growth in population, the double burden of communicable and non communicable diseases, and high infant child and maternal mortality. Lives and where the majority of polio cases were recorded in 2018. The obstacles to vaccination are conspiracy theories regarding the composition and effectiveness of polio vaccine such as rumors that the vaccine is laced with pig fat which Muslims are not allowed to eat. The participation of funded entities in the eradication drive for polio weak governance and inaccessible terrain as a result of the war on terror represent other challenges to OPV acceptance in these nations and local Breaking News Pakistan and international politics suspicion of science and absence of minimum health facilities. OPV immunity greatly rose among Pashtuns after the killed Osama bin Laden the ex-al Qaeda leader in a military raid in Pakistan. The US allegedly used a pretext of a hepatitis vaccination campaign to track down bin Laden. More than 100 members of the polio vaccination teams and police guards who were guarding them have been murdered since the assassination. BMC NEWS OFFICIAL Journalists in Pakistan can Pakistan Headlines Today be classified into three distinct categories those employed in large cities such as Karachi Lahore, and Islamabad which are hubs for the large media groups those employed in provincial capitals and bureau offices such as Peshawar and Quetta and those employed at the district level. Journalists working in the biggest cities of the nation are better educated and well trained while journalists at the district level are least educated and trained. Journalists who work for the headquarters and bureau offices in the capitals cover only one organization and typically are assigned to report on politics crime entertainment education and health while journalists who Daily News Pakistan work at district levels small towns are intended to cover all of the significant news in their communities. Health reporting is a forgotten reporting area across the country. Discussion Full disclosure and SDM has Trending News in Pakistan replaced the paternalism model of patient doctor relationship in the West. But yet the transition from paternalism to patient autonomy has not occurred in many developing countries. To add fuel to the fire family intervention in disclosing bad news to patients is also very common in developing countries including Pakistan thus hindering patient autonomy. Lack of information among relatives about cancer has been quoted as one prime reason for their insistence that information about diagnosis should not News Update be given to the patients. Other reasons are BMC News cultural barriers attitude of the physicians and inadequate formal training to physicians. This physicians’ and relatives’ attitude is contrary to patient desires a huge majority of whom as per available literature desire full disclosure. In a Pakistani study on patients’ perceptions and expectations towards BBN 40% of the patients held the opinion that they wanted full disclosure and this was the basic right of patients.22 Even the children who were provided with pertinent information regarding their diagnosis and treatment plan at the beginning of treatment manifested less severity of anxiety and depression.23 Thus it is imperative that all doctors must Breaking News BMC be willing to break bad news to those patients who would like to receive all the information. Design Setting The study was a cross sectional one over a duration of 1 year from the month of January 2016 till June 2017 in 15 hospitals/ Latest BMC News Updates, BMC News Headlines, Daily News BMC Official, BMC Urdu News, BMC Breaking News Today,  medical institutions in all four provinces of Pakistan. Sample size and selection Every physician who had completed their MBBS and was working in the selected institutes and provided consent was approached by nonprobability convenience sampling until the last sample size was achieved. The questionnaire was tested on 5% of the estimated sample size. This research intended to measure physicians knowledge practices and barriers regarding breaking bad news. This as per the investigators BMC International News knowledge has not been seen in any multicenter large scale research carried out in Pakistan hence we assumed that the practice and knowledge levels on breaking bad news would be 50% also it would give maximum variance with an error bound of 4%. A level of significance of 1% a sample size of minimum 1037 subjects was calculated. In order to cover refusals and missing questionnaires of 10% a final sample size of about 1136 doctors was estimated. The sample size was Entertainment News BMC stretched based on the number of the doctors in the respective hospitals and proportions were allocated so that 30% of the sample size was recruited from Punjab and Sindh whereas 15% of. Data collection A pre prepared semi structured questionnaire with dichotomous and qualitative questions including demographic information questions about knowledge attitudes practices and barriers in revealing bad news and previous training BMC Business